China Building Capitalism with Socialist Characteristics

HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL 9-706-041 REV: OCTOBER 16, 2006 DEBORA SPAR JEAN OI China: Building â€Å"Capitalism with Socialist Characteristics† We must not act like women with bound feet! If we want socialism to triumph over capitalism, we should not hesitate to draw on the achievements of all cultures. We need to learn from other countries, including the developed capitalist countries. — Deng Xiaoping, 19921 In November 2005, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued its 11th five- year plan. As was typical for such pronouncements, the plan touched on many aspects of Chinas economy, including its fiscal situation, its current account surplus, and its desire to equalize rural and urban incomes. But the central theme was growth.†¦show more content†¦Instead, the emperors and their bureaucrats devoted themselves to artistic and scholarly pursuits, nurturing a civilization that produced classic works of art and literature, as well as the great philosophers Confucius and Lao Zi. When the power of the Zhou royal family at last declined in 403 B.C., wars broke out among some 170 feudal lords, throwing China into an era of political anarchy now labeled the Warring States Period. Chaos prevailed for nearly 100 years, until a single family managed at last to defeat the rival lords and bring China again under a common rule. The new emperor, Qin Shi Huang, then set out to establish a universal and everlasting empire. During his 11-year tyrannical reign, Qin killed thousands of Confucian scholars, divided the estates of other lords into smaller private plots, and undertook great public projects such as the reconstruction of the Great Wall of China. To ensure that his empire remained intact, Qin also established a formal system of government that linked the villages to central provinces and thence directly to the emperor. Between the emperor and the people he created an elaborate imperial bureaucracy that was to dominate China for the next two millennia. Throughout this period, the core of China remained remarkably stable. It was largely an agricultural society, bound and nearly defined by Confucianism, a body of political and moralShow MoreRelatedChina: Building Capitalism with Socialist Characteristics13701 Words   |  55 Pages9-706-041 REV: OCTOBER 16, 2006 DEBORA SPAR JEAN OI China: Building â€Å"Capitalism with Socialist Characteristics† We must not act like women with bound feet! If we want socialism to triumph over capitalism, we should not hesitate to draw on the achievements of all cultures. We need to learn from other countries, including the developed capitalist countries. — Deng Xiaoping, 19921 In November 2005, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued its 11th five- year plan. As was typical forRead MorePolitical Differences Between Russo And China1588 Words   |  7 Pages Whenever people think of communism, Russian SFSR (Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic) and China, as two biggest communist polity, always come to people’s mind first. Likewise, at any time people mention authoritarianism, they will never miss the two biggest authoritarian regimes: Russia (Russian Federation) and China. The former, with the collapse of Soviet Union in 1991, the world’s first and largest communist polity and the prime facilitator of communist political systemRead MoreAyn Rand And Niccolo Machiavelli Analysis963 Words   |  4 Pagestype of democracy it has set up to allow it’s citizens to roam the streets in peace and not have to worry about their civil duties to be taken advantage of; other countries like the Republic of Ch ina have a political system completely opposite of the one established and adapted by the United States. China is known to be a controlling government and is established to follow communism. Where the government is really in control of everything restricting people to jobs, labor and food. Countries whoRead MoreHistory and Museum – Instilling National Identity and Multiculturalism by display of History in Museum1711 Words   |  7 Pagesmulticulturalism presents through history in China’s museum from examine several museums in China. China as a communism country usually takes various measure to remain the stability of the country to emphasis the identity of People’s Republic of Chinese other than ethnical identity. â€Å"The museums should promote scientific knowledge and the nations long history while resisting the decadence of feudalism and capitalism†¦ All the museums should be more attractive to people and contribute to the developmentRead MoreEconomic Systems And Economic System1961 Words   |  8 Pagesimmensely important (Winfield, et al, 2014). This essay will analyse the different economic systems by considering the two economic systems that fall on the extreme ends of the spectrum of economic systems, these being capitalism and socialism. It will further discuss the characteristics of each of these economic systems and based on these, argue that the mixed economy is the best alternative economic system. The forms of regulations that create efficiencies and those that create inefficiencies willRead MorePolitical Influence Of The Gang Of Four Essay1507 Words   |  7 PagesIn October 1st 1949, after 8 years war of resistance against Japan, The people s Republic of China was foun ded by the lead of Chairman Mao, which we call the â€Å"New China†. After 1949, China has been through many political movements. The most famous movements among others were the ideological transformation movement; great proletarian cultural revolution; The smash of the gang of four and the reform and opening-up policy, etc. All the articles or books I have read explains those movements from aRead MoreEconomic Questions2815 Words   |  12 PagesQUESTION 1 What are the THREE (3) basic economic questions that all economies must answer? Describe the differences in the way capitalism and socialism answer these questions. Scarcity, Choices, Opportunity Costs We live in a finite world. No matter how seemingly bountiful the quantity of our natural resources may be or how carefully human try to conserve them, if we keep using them, they eventually are going to run out. Our tastes for goods and services are virtually limitless and this createsRead MoreMarxism and Communism Christian Communism4953 Words   |  20 Pagesmovement that advocates and aims to create such a society.Karl Marx, the father of communist thought, posited that communism would be the final stage in society, which would be achieved through a proletarian revolution and only possible after a socialist stage develops the productive forces, leading to a superabundance of goods and services. Pure communism in the Marxian sense refers to a classless, stateless and oppression-free society where decisions on what to produce and what policies to pursueRead MoreUrban Politics Of The Brazil1156 Words   |  5 Pageswaking up every morning and walking outside to slum-like conditions. Right next to those slum-like conditions are brand new athletic stadiums that will primarily used for about a month. It must be infuriating seeing public money be spent on flashy buildings, meanwhile, homes, parks, schools, and more are not given nearly enough funding that is required for complacency. Yet, much of what an individual sees may be interpreted differently. These rundown favelas impact are what people call home. Home forRead More China Essay6832 Words   |  28 PagesBolshevik Revolution in Russia (that resulted in the creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics or Soviet Union) inaugurated an international competition for the hearts and minds of people all over the globe, the Chinese revolution raised the stakes of that struggle. The popular media, academics, political leaders and others in the West produced an understanding of this struggle as between capitalism and communism, although these terms were rarely defined in more than loose and unusually China Building Capitalism with Socialist Characteristics HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL 9-706-041 REV: OCTOBER 16, 2006 DEBORA SPAR JEAN OI China: Building â€Å"Capitalism with Socialist Characteristics† We must not act like women with bound feet! If we want socialism to triumph over capitalism, we should not hesitate to draw on the achievements of all cultures. We need to learn from other countries, including the developed capitalist countries. — Deng Xiaoping, 19921 In November 2005, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued its 11th five- year plan. As was typical for such pronouncements, the plan touched on many aspects of Chinas economy, including its fiscal situation, its current account surplus, and its desire to equalize rural and urban incomes. But the central theme was†¦show more content†¦According to the 11th five-year plan, China needed to sustain an annual growth rate of 8% for the foreseeable future. Only with such levels of growth, the leadership argued, could China continue to develop its industrial prowess, raise its citizens standard of living, and redress the inequalities that were cropping up across the country. Yet no country had ever before maintained the kind of growth that China was predicting. Moreover, China had to some extent already undergone the easier parts of development. In the 1980s, it had transformed its vast and inefficient agricultural sector, freeing its peasants from the confines of central planning and winning them to the cause of reform. In the 1990s, it had likewise started to restructure its stagnant industrial sector, wooing foreign investors for the first time and channeling investment funds to the state-owned enterprises. These policies had catalyzed the countrys phenomenal growth, but they could no longer be relied upon to propel the economy much further. Instead, China had to take what many regarded as the final step toward the market, liberalizing the banking sector and launching the beginnings of a real capital market. This step, however, would not be easy. As of 2004, Chinas state-owned enterprises were still only partially reorganized, and its banks were dealing with the burden of over $205 billion (1.7 trillion RMB) in non-performing loans, monies thatShow MoreRelatedChina: Building Capitalism with Socialist Characteristics13709 Words   |  55 Pages9-706-041 REV: OCTOBER 16, 2006 DEBORA SPAR JEAN OI China: Building â€Å"Capitalism with Socialist Characteristics† We must not act like women with bound feet! If we want socialism to triumph over capitalism, we should not hesitate to draw on the achievements of all cultures. We need to learn from other countries, including the developed capitalist countries. — Deng Xiaoping, 19921 In November 2005, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued its 11th five- year plan. As was typical forRead MorePolitical Differences Between Russo And China1588 Words   |  7 Pages Whenever people think of communism, Russian SFSR (Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic) and China, as two biggest communist polity, always come to people’s mind first. Likewise, at any time people mention authoritarianism, they will never miss the two biggest authoritarian regimes: Russia (Russian Federation) and China. The former, with the collapse of Soviet Union in 1991, the world’s first and largest communist polity and the prime facilitator of communist political systemRead MoreAyn Rand And Niccolo Machiavelli Analysis963 Words   |  4 Pagestype of democracy it has set up to allow it’s citizens to roam the streets in peace and not have to worry about their civil duties to be taken advantage of; other countries like the Republic of Ch ina have a political system completely opposite of the one established and adapted by the United States. China is known to be a controlling government and is established to follow communism. Where the government is really in control of everything restricting people to jobs, labor and food. Countries whoRead MoreHistory and Museum – Instilling National Identity and Multiculturalism by display of History in Museum1711 Words   |  7 Pagesmulticulturalism presents through history in China’s museum from examine several museums in China. China as a communism country usually takes various measure to remain the stability of the country to emphasis the identity of People’s Republic of Chinese other than ethnical identity. â€Å"The museums should promote scientific knowledge and the nations long history while resisting the decadence of feudalism and capitalism†¦ All the museums should be more attractive to people and contribute to the developmentRead MoreEconomic Systems And Economic System1961 Words   |  8 Pagesimmensely important (Winfield, et al, 2014). This essay will analyse the different economic systems by considering the two economic systems that fall on the extreme ends of the spectrum of economic systems, these being capitalism and socialism. It will further discuss the characteristics of each of these economic systems and based on these, argue that the mixed economy is the best alternative economic system. The forms of regulations that create efficiencies and those that create inefficiencies willRead MorePolitical Influence Of The Gang Of Four Essay1507 Words   |  7 PagesIn October 1st 1949, after 8 years war of resistance against Japan, The people s Republic of China was foun ded by the lead of Chairman Mao, which we call the â€Å"New China†. After 1949, China has been through many political movements. The most famous movements among others were the ideological transformation movement; great proletarian cultural revolution; The smash of the gang of four and the reform and opening-up policy, etc. All the articles or books I have read explains those movements from aRead MoreEconomic Questions2815 Words   |  12 PagesQUESTION 1 What are the THREE (3) basic economic questions that all economies must answer? Describe the differences in the way capitalism and socialism answer these questions. Scarcity, Choices, Opportunity Costs We live in a finite world. No matter how seemingly bountiful the quantity of our natural resources may be or how carefully human try to conserve them, if we keep using them, they eventually are going to run out. Our tastes for goods and services are virtually limitless and this createsRead MoreMarxism and Communism Christian Communism4953 Words   |  20 Pagesmovement that advocates and aims to create such a society.Karl Marx, the father of communist thought, posited that communism would be the final stage in society, which would be achieved through a proletarian revolution and only possible after a socialist stage develops the productive forces, leading to a superabundance of goods and services. Pure communism in the Marxian sense refers to a classless, stateless and oppression-free society where decisions on what to produce and what policies to pursueRead MoreUrban Politics Of The Brazil1156 Words   |  5 Pageswaking up every morning and walking outside to slum-like conditions. Right next to those slum-like conditions are brand new athletic stadiums that will primarily used for about a month. It must be infuriating seeing public money be spent on flashy buildings, meanwhile, homes, parks, schools, and more are not given nearly enough funding that is required for complacency. Yet, much of what an individual sees may be interpreted differently. These rundown favelas impact are what people call home. Home forRead More China Essay6832 Words   |  28 PagesBolshevik Revolution in Russia (that resulted in the creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics or Soviet Union) inaugurated an international competition for the hearts and minds of people all over the globe, the Chinese revolution raised the stakes of that struggle. The popular media, academics, political leaders and others in the West produced an understanding of this struggle as between capitalism and communism, although these terms were rarely defined in more than loose and unusually

Friendship Is Forever - 764 Words

There are many friendships that each individual goes through in their life period. Some are long, some are very short lived, and some are more complicated than imaginable. Every familiarity is different, but at the same time they are all the same. There are three categories that friendships can be sorted into: utility, pleasure, and goodness. Each friend can be described as at least one of these categories; sometimes it may be hard to tell, and other times it may be as clear as glass. Forrest Gump gives an excellent example of each type of friendship, and shows how easy and hard it can be to choose which type it is. A friendship based on utility is not usually very close. More times than not, each person relies on the other for some sort†¦show more content†¦Two people can know each other for all of their lives and still have a different view on what their friendship really is and what it really means. Sometimes amity is hard to decipher, and other times the answer is plain and simple. The life of Forrest Gump has many prime examples of the numeracy of attractions and the difficulties that accompanies each one. Friendship can be forever or a few days, the connections are always different. Whether it is utility, pleasure, or goodness, the experience remains inevitable andShow MoreRelatedFriendship Forever in Beaches986 Words   |  4 PagesCommunication Book is that you are relatively unconcerned with your own or with the others needs and desires.[Devito, p. 280] They both go their separate ways in a lose, lose style that leaves them both feeling like they have lost their best friend forever. But while apart they seem to wrestle with how to fix what has happened, using the conflict management style. Which according to The Interpersonal Communication Book are Define the Conflict, Examine possible solutions, Test the solution, EvaluateRead MoreRelationship Between Relationships And Relationships1471 Words   |  6 Pagesactually last forever?† That is a question that stays in the minds of humans all around the world. Everyone speaks of â€Å"true love†, or staying â€Å"friends† forever, but is that actually true? They say that they will â€Å" stay rich forever† or that they will â€Å"never change their morals†, are these accurate? These are the questions our society must ask ourselves before the perishing of man-kind. There are a plethora of people who think that everything will last forever, but it will not. Friendships are uniqueRead MoreThe Magic Of A Family Meal By Ellen Goodman1260 Words   |  6 Pagespriority over one’s personal life and relationships. Marion Winik in â€Å"What Are Friends For?† details the variety and opportunities one has to make friends throughout life. Best friends can persevere through hardships and distance as written in â€Å"Friends Forever† by Barbara Hagen. Analyzing these articles substantiated that family and friends are essential to a happy life. â€Å"The Magic of a Family Meal† by Nancy Gibbs is an enlightening article that convinces the audience that enjoying the company of familyRead MoreMy Perspective On My Life785 Words   |  4 Pagesnot always agree with my mother. However, at the time I moved from Puerto Rico to Texas my perspective on friendships changed. There may be some people who believe that friends are forever, but, because of my past experience that has led me to believe that real friends do not exist. After my move from Puerto Rico to Texas, obviously many things changed, including my perspective of friendships. When I lived in Puerto Rico I had many friends, which meant the world to me, and I trusted them one hundredRead MoreMy Birthday Celebrations - Original Writing995 Words   |  4 Pagesdrifting apart. Many of the women I had been friends with since third, fourth, and eighth grade no longer RSVP for my epic events. I sadly turned forty realizing that best friends forever was more of a clichà © than true. The reason friendships end can be for a multitude of reasons. In my case, many of my friendships started feeling more like obligation than fun. The main culprits, if I had to be honest behind their demise, were gossip, no longer shared interest, and harsh words standing at theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie See You Again 974 Words   |  4 Pagesthe theme of the movie also want to express the important of friendships. I can see why they chose this song. Because the movie shows the protagonist can do everything for his friends without hesitation. The rap part of the song â€Å"I know we loved to hit the road and laugh. But something told me that it wouldn’t last,† hit right through in my feeling. The lyric simply means that there are limit between friendships. It wouldn’t be last forever. Time will eventually weaken it and ends it. Most of the timeRead MoreSummary Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1307 Words   |  6 Pagesand wrong, and eventually how they w ant to live there own life. Which isn’t easy to do at such a young age. In the novel, Dill is a symbol of childhood. He embodies the traits of childhood; innocence, imagination, friendship, and the inevitable knowing that childhood doesn’t last forever. The most prominent trait that all children show is innocence. In To Kill a Mockingbird, the author commonly uses innocence to describe Dill’s personality. In one such case Dill asks Scout to marry him. â€Å"†¦ He askedRead MoreThe End Of Forever - Original Writing995 Words   |  4 PagesThe end of forever. Best friends forever, well that s what I thought. Turns out forever came sooner than expected. I had a best friend who was like a sister to me. We raised, confide our darkest secrets, trusted, and loved each other. I thought with a friendship that close nothing can come between us, not boys, not our parents, not jealousy or little arguments. The thing is, sometimes friendship ends, because people grow apart. It’s better to go separate ways, than to force a friendship for whatRead More Friendship in Harry Potter Essay541 Words   |  3 PagesFriendship in Harry Potter Friendship is an in-depth relationship mixing trust, loyalty and support. It is the combination of understanding, empathy and intimacy. But, no one can form a friendship until he/she realizes that the basis of being friends is meeting the needs of the other person. One must be a friend in order to have one (Mugglenet). Friendship and its main components: loyalty-trust, support, and similar values are very well emphasized in Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone

Ethnographic Approach to Audience Research - Sample Solution

Question: What does an ethnographic approach to audience research involve? Briefly discuss how this approach compares with other approaches to audience study and briefly outline the strengths and weaknesses of this approach in audience research. Answer: Elements of Ethnographic approach Ethnographic approach towards audience research is a qualitative method and has some distinctive aspects that differentiate it from some of the other conventional research or survey methods. One of the integral aspects of ethnographic approach of audience research is that certain aspects of the sample, selected for media research, are scrutinized and studied thoroughly (Wimmer, Dominick, 2013). Based on these observations, certain hypothesis is formed, thus reversing the traditional process of designing research on the basis of a chosen hypothesis. The basic tenets of ethnographic approach to audience research are as follows: In depth questioning Active listening Observation Deduction The objective of the basic pattern of ethnographic approach to audience research is to unearth certain traits and behavioral aspects of the chosen sample size. Traditionally, in media research, ethnographic groups were used to assess the behavioral aspects of existing and potential audiences, belonging to a separate society. However, over the years, ethnographic approach has been applied to reveal certain aspects of the subcultures that are formed within a larger society, which is otherwise familiar to the researchers as a whole (Pink, 2013). Thus, ethnographic research is used as a tool to study an alien society as well as to delve deeper with an otherwise familiar society and community and unearth the traits of a subculture formed within it. Ethnographic studies, conducted on short notice, may involve group discussions, based on certain questions directed at identifying the traits of a particular group. In this case, the group is not informed about the purpose of the research and h ypothesis is formed on the basis of the collected data. However, ethnographic approach is traditionally conducted by interaction with the chosen samples in real life environments. These informal interactions often reveal certain useful behavioral traits. These information are utilized to create programs that are suited to audiences tastes and perceptions (Stokes, 2012). Comparison of methodologies Some of the other prominent forms of media research methodologies are: Media Diary method Q Method Media Diary method is used to maximize the scopes of expression of the participants in the research. The participants are asked to maintain diaries, wherein they can maintain records of various aspects that include hours spent on a particular form of media, usage patterns and particular experiences or perceptions related to viewing or listening of certain forms of media. One of the main characteristics of this method is that the participants are assured of greater levels of privacy, as compared to some of the other forms of media researches. This is because, the respondents the opinions and feedbacks of the respondents will be accessible only to the person conducting the research. Ethnographic approach is used as a tool to reveal the current behavioral aspects of the respondents in terms of media uses. Media diaries are used to obtain information regarding audience tastes and preferences that are expected to remain constant in the long run (Jensen, 2013). These preferences are likely to stay unchanged in the near future. Q factor methodology is used to sort multiple and distinct viewpoints of the selected respondents. In this type of study, the respondents are asked to rank or arrange a number of pre identified factors or elements. A correlation is formed among the choices or preferences associated by a respondent to the various factors. The responses to the expressed preferences are linked and used to form a cohesive idea about the overall viewpoint of the respondent (Davis Michelle, 2011). Ethnography is often used to study the cultural traits displayed by a particular society or community. It involves grouping or classifying groups based on certain traits. Q factor methodology involves forming holistic idea on an individual basis. The individual data are subsequently linked to correlate the perceptions of a group. Assessment of ethnography approach Like the other prominent media research methods, ethnographic approach has certain strengths and weaknesses. The strengths of this approach are as follows: It is conducted by interacting with the respondents in a real life scenario. This minimizes scopes of errors that might have occurred if a respondent was asked to remember an experience in a prearranged research environment (Brennen, 2012). There is no rigid hypothesis for conducting the researches. Rather the hypothesis is unbiased and can be formed or discarded based on the observations and deductions. This approach can be used to reveal finer traits that could not be exposed by other media research methods. The weaknesses of this approach are as follows: Small sample sizes may be considered as representative of a larger group of potential or existing audiences, leading to generalization (Anderson, 2011). It often rises ethical issues related to the privacy of the respondents References Wimmer, Roger Dominick, Joseph 2013, Mass Media Research, Cengage Learning, USA. Pink, Sarah 2013, Doing Visual Ethnography, SAGE, USA. Stokes, Jane 2012, How to Do Media and Cultural Studies, SAGE, USA. Jensen, Klaus Bruhn 2013, A Handbook of Media Communication and Research: Qualitative and Quantitative methodologies, Routledge, UK. Brennen, Bonnie S 2012, Qualitative Research Methods for Media Studies, Routledge, UK. Anderson, James A 2011, Media Research Methods: Understanding Metric and Interpretive Approaches, SAGE, USA. Journal Davis, Charles H Michelle, Carolyn 2011, Q Methodology in Audience Research: Bridging the Qualitative/ Quantitative Divide?, Journal of Audience Reception Studies, vol 8 (2), pp 560-561.

The Effect of Drug Abuse on Students and Others free essay sample

The Effect of Drug Abuse on Students and Others Prakash Chandra Roy 1 Abstract Bangladesh with the most populous and poorest countries in the world faces many challenges including drug that has become an issue due to its geographical location, poverty and illiteracy. Although there is no precise figure of the drug dependant people, but is estimated around 4. 0 million people mostly youths are dependant to some form of drugs, and increased trend among all kinds of people is alarming. The present study focuses the relationship between drug abuse and criminal activities. The statistical method chosen for this study was Descriptive statistics and we analyze in terms Univariate analysis and Bi-variate Analysis. Drug abuse causes various criminal activities as like theft, burglary, robbery, attempt to suicide, hijacking, shoplifting, in many cases murder, or other antisocial criminal activities. Drug abuse affects the whole society, in a border perspective. It also hampers the social development. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Drug Abuse on Students and Others or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Societal development will not be possible if we are not able to make the drug free youth society. The study of The Effect of Drug Abuse on Students and Others will explain the relationship between abusing drugs and getting involved in criminal activities in the students and others of Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, and Tangail. Keywords: Drug, Drug Addiction, Effect of Drug abuse, Drug and Crime 1. Graduate Student (M. S. ), Department of Criminology and Police Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh Tangail-1902. 1 Introduction and Background The understanding of the relationship between drug abuse and criminal activities is currently at the heart of criminological research. There is a consistent worry in and by the mass media, communities, parents and the general public at large of the various problems brought about by youth, specially the students who abuse drugs. Drug abuse has been a rising social and economic problem all over the world. The south Asian countries are in front of this crisis. Bangladesh is also facing this problem, a deadly social pathology by affecting rich or poor, young or old, literate or illiterate are affecting by drug. Drug is mite only a problem for individual but also it creates various social problems in individual life, family, community, society and nation. Drug abuse directly influences the economic and social aspects of a country. In Bangladesh it is a growing national concern. There are millions of drug-addicted people in Bangladesh and most of them are young, between the ages of 18 and 30. And they are from all strata of the society. According to the Department of Narcotics Control in Bangladesh, about 100,000 people are involved in drug trafficking in Bangladesh, with a majority based out of the capital Dhaka. Out of the 100,000 people, thirty percent are believed to be women and children. A recent epidemiological survey carried out in the three divisions of Bangladesh shows that the country is going to be transformed into a potential user of drugs with the rapid increase in the number of addicts. For the safety of our people and the society from this deadly game, we have to control illicit drug transportation immediately. Drug is a chemical material associated with different physical and psychological effects. It alters a person’s normal bodily process or functions. But this definition is too broad. In medical sense, a drug is a substance prescribed by a physician or manufactured expressly for the purpose of treating and preventing disease and ailment by its chemical nature and its effect on the structure and function of a living organism. Drug Abuse is the use of illicit drug or misuse of legitimate drug resulting into physical or psychological term. It includes smoking ganja or hashish, taking heroin or cocaine or LSD injection morphine, drinking alcohol, and so forth. It is evident that lack of healthy relationships in family life is one of the possible contributing factors, which indulge young adults to drugs. It is also true that family cannot always be blamed for addiction problem in a child. It also depends on the personality traits and other socio- economic factors in his Environment. Problems starts when there are weak family ties, broken families, lack of parental care, indifferent family that cannot meet the expectation and achievement and so on. In Bangladesh perspective, the drug addiction is everywhere. It found in upper, middle or in lower class family. Now the students and the youth are the main victim of drug abuse. They are addicted by own excitement, incorporation with addicted friend. Now it is common problem in Bangladesh as well as university students. Because, they able to collect drugs from the exact spot. In Bangladesh the students commonly use ganja or hashish, taking heroin or cocaine or drinking alcohol, and so forth. This study entitled to the effect of drug abuse on Students and others; An empirical study about drug abuse on Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University campus to find out the causes of drug addiction and the number of addicted person. 2 Objectives of the study The objectives of the study are to determine the effects of drug abuse on the university students and others. The study will discuss in depth inquiry into the factors associate with the drug in a university campus. The main Objectives of the study are listed below:O To know the number of drug addicted students in the study area. O To know the physical and mental effects of drug addiction on student and others. O To identify the main reasons for being addicted. O To know the types of criminal activities those are occurred for drug addiction. O To identify the person who are mainly associated in drug abuse or business in the study area. O To identify the place where drugs are available. O To find out the ways and alternatives in coming back from addiction to normality. Theoretical Framework of the Study There are numbers of criminological socio-psychological theories that explain the causation relation of drug abuse and criminal behavior. As Sutherland’s Differential Association theory will be relates to this study, because â€Å"students who intimates to other deviant drug addicted students, simultaneously become drug addicted†. It is the learning process to do a crime. Under this theory students are become addicted by incorporation with addicted or semi-addicted friends. When someone mixed with his addicted or semi-addicted friend then they compel that person to take drug and though he tries to avoid drug but will not able on account of inspiration to take drug by his friend. Besides this When a student sees that his other friends are taking drug, for the reason of curiosity he may use the drug for the first time. This is occurred only having the association of those friends. Merton in his â€Å"anomie theory† has explained, if there goals and means are not fixed or not different then there have chance to become deviant or criminal In this theory when a person does not maintain the goals and means they become frosted and take drugs. In that process when a student is felt to fulfill his desired goals he or she becomes frustrated. And frustrated is the door way for being addicted of drug. On the other hand in Subculture theory: Clinard and Meier define â€Å"subculture† as a culture within cultures, with a collection of norms, values, and belief whose content is distinguishable from the dominant culture. Membership in such a group solidifies a deviant identity. It would not be an overgeneralization to say that most, if not all, drug addicts operate in groups. The measurement of subculture has been treated by the Differential Association Theory has built most of its assumptions on subculture (which is one of the integrated theory used in developing the model of this research proposal). Subculture has one dimension peer group. Some of the questions asked which were related to subculture included: Do our friends use drugs? How many of our friends use drugs? Also, questions centered on whether respondents were pressured by friends to use drugs and to get involved in criminal activities. 3 Social disorganization theory also relates to this study, â€Å"Drug addiction in these days, and is a vital social problem†. Under this theory its make social problem and create bound to the lead the irregular life. Having irregular life one may possibly addicted with drug. Socio-Economic variables include: poverty, broken homes, environment, and urbanization. O Poverty: As used in this study poverty is the inability of an individual to maintain his/her personal need, which includes the necessities of life. Most measures of poverty are primarily concerned with the quality of food, clothing, and shelter deemed necessary for a sound life. When someone fails to fulfill his demand she/he become frustrated and loss his/her self control and became addicted. O Broken Homes: A broken home as used in this study is a household, in which the couples are either separated, living apart or dead. This situation often leads to improper socialization of children and young adults for lack of proper guidelines. So he becomes associated with underage offences. Drug abuse is one of them. O Urbanization: This means the concentration of people in urban areas. This is the movement of people from rural to urban areas in search for employment. In the absence of such employment these migrants become a burden to the urban centers and quite upon join criminal groups. Then it is easy to addict with drug. 4 Conceptual Framework of the Study Socio-cultural Factors. Personality Factors. Social Disorganization Break-down of social control Broken Family Lack of parental control and affection Lack of academic interest Diffusion of culture Negligence of own culture, norms values Personal curiosity Acceptance of Western culture Physical deficiency Peer Group Juvenile subculture Loss of self control Industrialization urbanization Cultural conflict Failure to maintain continue the social relationship Economic problem Emotional conflict Normally Abnormally Mental imbalance Frustration Drug abuse 5 Research Questions: To accomplish the above task, the paper attempt to address the following questions: O What is the relationship between drug abuse and criminal activities? O What extent are drug abusers involved in criminal activities? O Why are drug abusers engaged in specific types of criminal activities? O Why are drug abusers involved in criminal activities? O Why are the students involved with drug? O How drug creates physical and mental harassment for the students? O What is the reason of Drug addiction? O What are the sources of Drug? O What are the possible remedies of this problem? Hypothesis of the Study: O O O O Drug abusers are committing various types of criminal activities. Students are mainly addicted with drug through association: Drug abuser mainly takes drug in night. Easy availability of drug is influencing in drug addiction Methods and Sources of Data This study is a descriptive study indeed and quantative in nature. It is mainly based on data gathered through a sample survey. To find out the real cause effect of drug addiction among the students, MBSTU campus is selected as the field of this study. In this research the population is the student’s others as well as the students who are the victim of Drug addiction of Mawlana Bhashani Science Technology University (MBSTU) campus. Sample will be selected in purposive sampling. Samples are those who are addicted and who are going to be addicted by Drug addiction or the persons who are mainly associated with drug abuse. In this case Purposive Sampling (nonprobability sampling) method perfect to collect data. Here we selected 40 respondents. Students filled out questionnaires about their drug use and related attitudes and behavior. Survey method will be used in this research for data collection. Data will be collected from primary source i. e. from the direct contact with the selected respondents. An interview schedule will be obtained both with the some close-ended, open-ended as well as contingency questions from a questionnaire. Then the collected data will be coded carefully for analysis. This processing (included coding) will be done with help of SPSS program through computer. Cross tabulation will be made in terms of: age, sex, habit of drug taking, monthly income, residence, urban-rural background, kinds of offences involvement with addiction person. Several levels of statistical analyses are performed in conducting analysis stage. Frequency tables (i. e. frequency distribution, percentage, central tendency) will be made for Univariate analysis. Bivariate (Cross tabulation, Chi-Square Tests) and multivariate analysis are also used for finding out casual relationship. All these analyses will be completed by SPSS program. 6 Results Findings Univariate Analysis: Here results are discussed through the following frequency tables and other statistical tools. These statistical tools show the clear picture of my research findings. The findings of my research are given below. 1. Age of respondents 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 20 21 22 23 24 Frequency Percent 25 Mean- 22. 20 Median-22. 00 Mode- 21. 00 Std. Deviation1. 648 Here we see that most of the drug abusers are between the ages of 20 and 25. Age 21 comes more frequently. So we may tell that young and students belonging to these age limit are mainly drug abuser. 2. Sex of respondent Pie-chart Female 33. 3% Male 66. 7% 3.